Lower Back Pain
Lower back pain is one of the most common conditions, with approximately one in three people experiencing it each year. Often, back pain arises from a combination of structures in the lower back—such as the vertebrae, the joints between them, the discs, and the surrounding muscles. When it’s difficult to identify exactly which structure is causing the discomfort, the pain is referred to as non-specific back pain. Non-specific back pain is typically movement-dependent, meaning certain postures or positions can provoke or worsen the pain.
A physiotherapy appointment, including a detailed history of the pain and a physical assessment, is usually sufficient to diagnose non-specific back pain. Although the exact source of the pain often can’t be pinpointed, the treatment approach generally remains the same.
Physiotherapy interventions may include manual therapies to provide short-term pain relief. However, for a long-term solution, a personalised exercise plan is typically the most effective approach, helping to improve strength, mobility, and overall function. To support recovery, it’s also important to stay active and avoid prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity. Though used for pain relief for other conditions, interventions such as ultrasound and acupuncture are generally not recommended.
Whiplash
Whiplash is a type of neck injury that occurs when the head is suddenly and forcefully thrown backward and then forward in a rapid, whip-like motion. This abrupt movement can strain or damage the muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues in the neck. While whiplash is most commonly associated with rear-end car collisions, it can also happen during contact sports, falls, or any other situations involving sudden trauma to the neck.
The symptoms of whiplash can extend beyond just neck pain, as this type of injury may affect other systems in the body. Individuals may experience blurred vision, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), dizziness, and numbness or tingling down the arms. These symptoms highlight the complex nature of whiplash and the need for comprehensive evaluation.
A physiotherapy appointment typically begins with a detailed history, including the type of collision or trauma, the exact location and spread of pain, and any associated symptoms such as signs of depression or anxiety. Following this, a thorough physical examination is conducted once serious injuries have been ruled out, allowing the physiotherapist to develop an appropriate treatment plan
A physiotherapist’s treatment plan for whiplash typically begins with advice to remain active and maintain daily routines, as staying mobile supports recovery. Avoid bracing the neck, since gentle, controlled movement helps prevent stiffness and promotes healing. Pain medication prescribed by a healthcare professional can be taken as needed to manage discomfort. The physiotherapist may also use manual therapy techniques to provide additional pain relief and improve neck mobility. The treatment plan usually includes a tailored program of exercises focusing on increasing neck range of motion, strengthening the surrounding muscles, and improving flexibility through stretching.